The Stories behind Chinese Chopsticks (Part 2)

Why are they called “chopsticks”?

In ancient times, chopsticks were called “箸 (zhù),” meaning “helper.” However, because “箸 (zhù)” sounded like “住 (zhù),” meaning “to stop,” it was considered inauspicious. To avoid this negative association, people replaced it with “快 (kuài),” meaning “fast” or “quick.” Later, the bamboo radical ⺮ was added to “快,” forming the modern character “筷 (kuài)” that we use today. The ⺮ radical, derived from 竹 (zhú, bamboo), is commonly placed atop characters related to bamboo, bamboo products, musical instruments, or concepts symbolically associated with bamboo.

As recorded in a Ming Dynasty text, people in the Wu region—roughly corresponding to modern-day Jiangsu and Zhejiang—did not use “箸 (zhù)” at all, instead calling chopsticks “筷子 (kuàizi).” Many locals there made their living on boats and were especially mindful of taboos. Since “箸 (zhù)” sounded the same as “住 (zhù),” which was considered unlucky for boatmen who wished for smooth sailing and uninterrupted progress, they replaced it with “快 (kuài),” symbolizing speed and the hope for swift, unhindered journeys. This change not only avoided bad omens but also laid the foundation for the modern name “筷子 ((kuàizi)” used today.

The expansion of chopstick use

Chopsticks were once introduced to neighbouring countries of China, such as Japan, North Korea, South Korea, and Vietnam, establishing a tradition of using chopsticks for dining in East Asia. The custom of using chopsticks in these countries continues to this day.

Although people across East Asia all use chopsticks, each culture has its own distinctive style. The Japanese and Vietnamese, like the Chinese, are nations that use only chopsticks, while on the Korean Peninsula, the traditional combination of a spoon and chopsticks is still preserved.

Today, in high-end restaurants in Japan, the chopsticks placed on the table are often wooden, with one or both ends tapered to a fine point. In Korea, they are typically made of metal with flat ends. In China, however, chopsticks are often porcelain, round at the bottom and square at the top, sometimes with gilded tips. The country whose chopsticks most closely resemble those of China is Vietnam. In Vietnam, chopsticks are usually round at the bottom and square at the top as well — a design that reflects the ancient Chinese cosmological belief of “round heaven and square earth.” This similarity likely stems from the long-lasting cultural influence China has had on Vietnam. 

The symbolic meaning of chopsticks

Chopsticks have a long and storied history, carrying deep cultural meaning despite their simple appearance. In Chinese tradition, they are closely linked to the pursuit of good fortune and are often associated with auspicious symbols such as the quick birth of a son, happiness, and all five sons achieving distinction. Ten pairs of chopsticks represent perfection. As a pair, chopsticks symbolize harmony and a “happy marriage,” making them a meaningful element in wedding ceremonies. In daily life, however, it is considered taboo to stick chopsticks upright in a bowl or basin, as this practice is reserved for offerings to ancestors or the deceased.

Chopsticks as handicrafts

As a traditional craft, chopsticks are far more than simple dining tools—they are important symbols of Chinese culture and a cherished form of handicraft. Their creation involves meticulous craftsmanship, often reflecting deep cultural meanings, artistic value, and people’s enduring appreciation for fine workmanship. Traditionally, chopsticks are made from natural materials such as bamboo, wood, or ivory, carefully carved and polished to highlight their distinctive textures and colors. In many regions, artisans adorn them with intricate carvings or auspicious motifs—such as flowers, birds, landscapes, or characters symbolizing good luck and happiness—elevating chopsticks beyond practical utensils to works of art and thoughtful gifts shared among family and friends.

The design, shape, and length of chopsticks also vary by region and personal preference; for example, those used in southern China tend to be longer, while northern chopsticks are generally shorter. In essence, chopsticks are not only dining tools but also vital bearers of cultural heritage, embodying people’s desire for a better life and their respect for traditional craftsmanship.